Lung
.
The lung – performing nearly the whole gas exchange of the body, being a gate between the environment and our blood, it’s an organ of high importance and complexity. Not only the highly branched structure containing an enormous surface and the very fine alveolar tissue at once, but also the control of surface tension and the numerous protective barriers make it a very special organ to do research on.
However, since next to the therapy of pulmonologic deseases (like bronchial asthma and COPD) the relevance of inhalative application of drugs and the importance of pulmonological toxicological research are steadily increasing, there is a great need for accurate and efficient test models. Apart from animal models, animal-free alternatives are getting developed and produced in order to provide faster, cheaper and primarily more accurate and ethical more justifiable test models.
Following, you will find a collection of links which provide information on existing alternative methods, e.g. which lung models are available, what are the legal requirements. The provided selection of materials is not exhaustive and does not include peer-reviewed publications.
INFORMATION FOR ELEMENTARY USERS
Alternatives to Animal Research
Prof. Andrew Knight gives a review of the 3Rs principle in general and alternatives to animal testing, including in vitro and in silico methods etc. (2019)
Lung on a Chip
Don Ingber explaines the structure and function of a lung on a chip as a replacement method, using a 3D microfluidic cell culture. (2011)
Swiss Medtech Award Lung on Chip
Take a look at another model of the replacement method lung on chip and get an overview about structure (3D microfluidic cell culture), handling and perspectives of use. (2017)
Development of an In Vitro 3D Cell Culture Model of Human Lung Cancer
Dr. Anirban Datta discusses the development of a 3D in vitro model for the research on human lung cancer as a replacement method. (2013)
Epithelial cells breathing
In this short clip you can see the human
epithelial cells of a lung on a chip (an in vitro replacement method) breathing. (2015)
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INFORMATION FOR INTERMEDIATE USERS
In Vitro Human Airway Modeling Using Primary Airway Epithelial Cells
Dr. Ronaghan gives a review of lung test models and goes into 2D and 3D models as replacement methods and the benefits of the use of human primary airways epithelial cells. (2020)
Airway model ALI
In this video the culture of primary airway epithelia cells with Air-Liquid-Interface cultures is presented. The model system is used to study respiratory virus infections. (2020)
New Approaches for Respiratory Sensitization
Part 1: Reactive substances and their reaction on skin and lung epithelial layer.
Part 2: Structures of in vitro lung models as replacement tools and the use of sensitization. (2019)
Acute Inhalation Toxicity
A webinar concerning replacement methods.
Part 1: A human cell line is presented, which can be used for in vitro inhalation toxicity tests.
Part 2: Presentation about lung on a chip. (2016)
Aerosol Exposure Devices for In Vitro Toxicity Testing at the ALI
Tobias Krebs presents replacement devices, which enable lung in vitro toxicity testing at the ALI in different settings, tailored for different substances. (2018)
Lung co-culture models
As a replacement method the practice of constructing an in vitro co-culture lung model with epithelial cells and makrophages is shown. (2018)
Lung Surfactant Inhibition - An Alternative Acute Inhalation Toxicity Test
Concerning the relevance of lung surfactant for lung in vitro (toxicity) testing (enabeling replacement) the presenter tells about the possibility to improve inhalation tests. (2018)
Acute Inhalation Toxicity
Part 1: In vitro/ex vivo tissue tests as replacement methods, focussing on COPD/smoking. Part 2 (at 35:12): Dosimetry and mechanistic modelling for in vitro-in vivo correlation
- in silico replacement/reduction methods. (2016)
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Animal-free alternatives and the antibody iceberg
This article highlights the goal and benefits of replacing animal-derived antibodies and making antibodies - one of the most important branches of medical science nowadays - animal-free.
Lung on a Chip
The technology of lung on a chip, as an in vitro replacement method, is explained including the detailed structure. (2011)
History of lung on a chip development
This article provides an overview of the single steps of the development of the in vitro replacement technology 'lung on a chip'.
A short overview of Lung-on-Chip systems
In this text you can read about the technology of lung on a chip, which can be used as a replacement method for in vitro lung testing.
A Breathing Lung-on-chip for Inhalation Toxicity Assessment
This webinar is about the current status of lung on a chip research and technology and the possibilities of toxicity testing with this chip as a replacement method. (2018)
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INFORMATION FOR ADVANCED USERS
Opportunities for Waiving Inhalation Studies for Pesticides
This webinar discusses the opportunities for waiving inhalation studies, enabeling reduction or replacement of the use of animals, and shows possible in vitro / in silico approaches. (2018)
Integrating Non-Animal Approaches to Assess Risk of Inhaled Materials
Dr. Jon Hotchkiss talks about the use of alternative in vitro test models for the replacement of animals in inhalation studies. (2018)
Air Liquid Interphase Exposure of In Vitro Models for Alveolar Toxicity
The ALI (air liquid interface) exposure system as a replacement method is presented. The lecturer points out the benefits of lung in vitro testing. (2018)
Inhalation Toxicity Testing In Vitro
Presentation of in vitro inhalation toxicity tests, using A549 human lung ALI cultures, going into the application of complex aerosols and scientific characteristics of this replacement method. (2018)
In Vitro Models of the Human Airway Epithelium for Toxicity Assessment
Samuel Constant shows available 3D in vitro models of the human airway epithelium for toxicity assessment, enabeling replacement. (2018)
Acute Inhalation Toxicity
Part 1: Presentation about adverse outcome pathways in general as an important tool for risk assessment, enabeling reduction. Part 2 (at 46:19): One approach to developing an AOP concerning the effect of air pollutants. (2016)
AOP Toxicity Testing Strategy for Lung Fibrosis
This video is about adverse outcome pathways and the improvement of in vitro toxicity testing strategies as reduction/replacement methods. It focusses on lung fibrosis. (2018)
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Recent Research Breakthroughs in Lung-on-a-Chip Technology
This article provides an insight in recent breakthroughs in the technology and use of the lung on a chip as an in vitro replacement method.
Air-Liquid Interface and Optimized Cell Culture Substrate for a Microfluidic Lung-on-Chip Application
This article disusses the lung on a chip technology (in vitro replacement method), focussing on the air-liquid interface and the cell culture subtrate.
Precision-cut Lung Slices (PCLS)
Presentation about production, use and performance of 3D ex vivo models based on precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) for toxicity testing as a replacement method. (2018)
In Vitro: Inhalation Toxicity Assessment
An replacement in vitro-based integrated approach for smoking toxicity assessment is presented. The framework, used models and research data are discussed. (2018)
3 Minute 3Rs Podcast
The first part of this short podcast is about a 3D human alveolar stem cell culture model, which is used for research on SARS-CoV-2. On the site you can find the related article, too. (2020)
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Keywords
- air liquid interface (ALI)
- cell line
- chip
- in silico
- in vitro
- in vivo
- inhalation
- lung
- lung fibrosis
- lung on a chip
- model
- pharmacology
- precision-cut lung slices
- reduction
- refinement
- replacement
- research
- respiratory system
- technology
- test
- toxicity