The liver contributes in more than 500 different physiological functions, including the metabolism, detoxification, and excretion by converting lipophilic to water-soluble compounds. Moreover, the liver synthesizes serum proteins like albumin and clotting factors. Liver disorders are frequently caused by the accumulation of toxins faster than the ability of the liver to metabolite them, causing drug induced liver injury (DILI) with hepatitis, cholestasis, and fibrosis. Thus, hepatotoxicity is an important reason for the failure of investigational new drugs, but animal models are not capable of identifying human DILI 100%. Accordingly, the development of human-based models has become an urgent need. Starting from simple human hepatocytes cultures, modern bioengineering tools, such as 3D cell culture systems, spheroids, organoids from different types of stem cells, micropatterned co-cultures, high throughput arrays, bio-printed liver models, liver-on-a-chip, and bioartificial liver models are nowadays available. Efforts to minimize the number of animals used in liver diseases research include in vitro bioengineered murine hepatocytes culture and using monitoring methods like imaging and telemetry. The replacement strategies have been achieved by using human hepatocytes cell culture and by using in silico liver models. Finally, the refinement strategies involve training on animal handling techniques, managing the pain during testing the drugs on animals, designing new experiments to induce liver disorders in the animals, and inducing the liver disorders using genetic engineering methods, such as CRISPR/Cas9.
Description of the differences between primary, immortalized, fresh and cryo-preserved primary hepatocytes as replacement models. (2020)
On this page you get an overview about different in vitro models for prediction of Drug-induced liver injuric such as 2D- or 3D cell cultures and in vitro modells.
in this Podcast you get an short overview about Drug induced liver injury in clinical trial. For newly approved drugs it is a serious adverse reaction that causes massive financial loss and preventable human suffering. (2021)
How the liver chip that mimics the function of the living human liver could mean a quicker and safer way to test drugs. (2015)
Liver-Chip as a replacement model. This model contains up to four different cell types found in the livers of rats, dogs and humans to approximate the liver’s smallest functional unit.
General information about functions of a liver, causes of liver damage, treatment methodologies, bio-artificial liver, and extra-corporeal liver assist device.
Demonstration of functions of the liver and artificial liver invention and its working.
Demonstration of the technique for the preparation of liver slices. Liver slices provide better control over biological variations than live feeding trials.
The bio-artificial liver as a replacement model is shown. This model is based on human liver cells and has been designed to be attached outside a patient body. It can help patients with liver failure.
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Technique of thawing cryoplateable human hepatocytes for further use. (2013)
Thawing and preparation of cryopreserved hepatocytes for their subsequent use in applications. (2011)
Preparation of in vitro 3D liver spheroid models in hanging-drop formation as a replacement model. Spheroids are then applied to the micro-nucleus analysis. (2018)
GERMAN! In this Podcast + article you get an overview about Liver on a Chip and how important this new model is. (2019)
Showing several fabricated organs as replacement models by several 3D bio-printed technologies. Researchers at the University of Sao Paulo in Brazil have succeeded in creating miniature versions of the human liver from blood cells. (2020)
A bioartificial liver device (BAL) is an artificial extra-corporeal supportive device for an individual who is suffering from acute liver failure. (2019)
Artificial liver ready for human testing. A new study in the Journal of hepatology reports that Mayo Clinic researchers may have a bio-artificial liver ready to do the job for some of those patients. (2015)
Creation of a bio-artificial liver with a natural environment for the cells and building artificial blood vessels using existing ones taken from a piece of pig intestine. (2020)
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This video includes the method of preparation the slices of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tumors. (2019)
3D spheroids could offer a simple and highly reproducible model that would exhibit many characteristics of natural tissue. (2016)
Chen and Shu Chien developed 3D bio-printed tissue as a replacement model, this model mimics how the human liver functions. (2016)
3D-Bio-printing of HEPG2-Cells. Construction of a so-called 'Liver-on-a-Chip System', in which the cells of a human hepatic cell-line are embedded in spheroidal 3D structures (beads) made of hydrogel.
Organ-on-a-chip is a new generation of in vitro models for drug candidate screening. It seems the most promising technology nowadays. A lot of liver-on-chip uses bio-physically, preconfigured or 3D bio-printed scaffolds to enable a 3D architectural reconstruction.
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Purification of hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells from the perfused liver to measure endocytosis. (2011)
Dr. Carlemi Calitz developed a unique 3D metastatic model as a replacement model. This model is based on the stellate cells, hepatocellular carcinoma, collagen and fibrinogen. (2020)
Researchers created mini biological models of human primary liver cancers (tumouroid), known as organoids, in the lab for the first time. (2017)
Jordan Miller team developed 3D bio-printing replacement organs including the liver. (2019)
Liver OCM is a liver sinusoidal unit that has demonstrated normal liver functions including drug metabolism for up to 3 weeks in culture. A key feature is the inclusion of hepatocytes, endothelial cells, macrophages and stellate cells. (2018)
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The impact of 3D cell culture on liver metabolism modeling in vitro and to Become familiar with data-driven estimations of liver injury potential in response to xenobiotic exposures using high throughput transcriptomics. (2019)
Dr. Meritxell Huch discusses how adult liver organoids can be used to understand disease mechanisms and regeneration. (2020)
Dr. Takanori Takebe discusses how organoids can be used to expand clinical applications of diseases and disorders. He shows also the modeling of hepato-biliary-pancreatic organogenesis. (2020)
This webinar discusses the differences between 2D and 3D cell culture models such as spheroid and organoid to help researchers select a suitable method and model for their research. (2020)
In the model of Dr. Takebe, multi-cellular human liver organoids have been developed from 11 different healthy and diseased PSC lines that display essential features of steatohepatitis. (2019)
Presents the development and validation of engineered human liver co-cultures for drug development applications. (2020)
Discussion about the current landscape of the prediction of drug-induced liver injury in silico and the potential advancement using deep learning methodologies.
(2020)
In silico models play an important role in reducing the number of animals used in toxicology experiments and risk assessment. (2020)
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First, Dr. Ferguson compares human liver, 2D HepRG and 3D HepaRG from their metabolic activity of different enzymes. Second, Dr. Caron shows his 3D liver cellular model and its applications such as clearance. Third, Dr. Tagle talkes about liver on a chip for drug safety and efficacy assessment. (2019)
At min. 32.04 one organoid example comes from the liver, grown from liver biopsy. The liver can be grown from a stem cell to form a whole liver just in the number of cells during 3-4 months. To promote the differentiation, the medium conditions should be changed. (2019)
Dr. Huch talkes about organoid culture and applications, focusing on gastric, hepatic, pancreatic and intestinal organoids. An organoid is a mini-organ derived from tissue-specific stem cells, progenitor cells or human pluripotent stem cells. (2015)
Using 3D models such as organoid and spheroid systems in understanding disease etiology and innovating new treatment options. (2019)
Dr. David Hay talkes about the generation of endoderm from human pluripotent stem cells and differentiation into metabolically active hepatocytes. (2015)
The extracorporeal liver support-HV-TPE is the only support method to date, which has shown improved survival. Accordingly, some extracorporeal technology may have benefts when it is implemented early. (2017)
This webinar is about prediction of certain toxicity endpoints such as cholestasis, as well as deep learning approaches to overcome insufficient size and imbalance of toxicity datasets. (2020)
Dr Patlewicz (US EPA) and Professor Cronin talk about the QSARs and its use to meet regulatory testing requirements under REACH. (2018)
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